Glass - one of the finest materials, invented by another 3000 years BC. Despite the "advanced age", it still serves the people honestly, every year the opening of its new qualities. Glass - a beautiful home and superhard materials, art products and fabrics.This is one of the materials that will never cease to admire people. It is indispensable in the home and laboratory practice. On the glass, written hundreds of books, held and conducted research on there is still no precise definition of the term "glass". 
Commission on Terminology defines that can be attributed to any glassy system: "Glass said all of the amorphous solid obtained by supercooling the melt, regardless of their chemical composition and solidification temperature range, and having (as a result of a gradual increase in viscosity), mechanical properties of solids , and the transition from liquid to the vitreous must be reversible. " 
In the vitreous (amorphous) state may be a matter of natural origin and obtained artificially. The natural glass include: volcanic magma, pumice, resin (amber, shellac, etc.) - Man-made inorganic glass - a supercooled melt, consisting of silicon oxide, boron, phosphorus, alkaline and alkaline earth metal. 
The starting materials for synthetic glass masses are quartz sand (SiO2), soda ash (Na2CO3) potash (K2CO3), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) chalk and limestone (CaCO), magnesium carbonate (MgCCb), dolomite [CaMg (C03) 2] , barium carbonate (VaS03), sodium (NaCO3) and potassium (KCO3) nitrate. In some types of glass are introduced aluminum oxide (Al2O3), lead oxide (PbO) and oxides of other metals. 
The main component of glass is silica (SiO2)-silica, the melting point is 1728 ° C. The content of silica in the glass is 50 85%, and in the quartz glass 98,8-99,9% - content of other components that make up the glasses are given in Tables 1 and 2. 
Coloured glass is obtained by introducing into the mixture of oxide or other compounds of different elements, such as color glass in blue color to administer a compound of cobalt (Co), a green chromium oxide (Sr2O3) in purple - compounds of manganese (Mn), a ruby-copper oxide (Cu2O) or metallic gold (Au). 
Cook glass in ovens at high temperatures. During the glass melting there are complex chemical and physical processes that result in charge, undergoing several changes, clarified and transformed into a homogeneous glass mass. 
The process of glass formation begins when the 1200 - 1240 ° C. In the factory glass cook at 1400-1450 ° C, lighting glass occurs at 1500 ° C. Special types of glass cook at an even higher temperature (2000 ° C).